See by in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 9, 31:",
"text": "Grzeszni... godzi, bi vlapil vbogego (insidiatur, ut rapiat pauperem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1395], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1773, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Kościan:",
"text": "Orandowal i[e]szm do gich domv, by penødze brali",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-zDCnOgJj",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume III, number 2:",
"text": "Pamyantay, tobe vyele, by czczil suato y nyedzela",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1861 [1398], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi, volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 34:",
"text": "Micolay prosil prze bok, by mu othpustil przisi[an]gą",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 721:",
"text": "Nye chczemy, by tho zgromadzenye navyedzal... kthory lagyk (nolumus tamen congregationem huiusmodi a laico visitari)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a command; to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-toQbwpnJ",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a command; to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1896 [Middle of the 15th century], Lucjan Malinowski, editor, Żywot świętego Błażeja. Zabytek języka polskiego z początku wieku XV,, page 320:",
"text": "Swyøty Blaszey gemu rzekl: Wylo, mnymasz, by *twey møky mogly odyøcz miloscz bozø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1405], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 272:",
"text": "Roman Ianoui ne slubowal, bi mu szø gwalth ne sstal w gego domu",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888 [1401], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 109:",
"text": "Sczepan zalowal, bi Przibkowa dzewka mu pancz grziwen wcradla",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clarifying clause; to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj--dNc2wkb",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) introduces a clarifying clause; to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 9 12 9 9 9 8 14 4 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 10 14 9 10 11 9 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 235:",
"text": "Boymisch syą, bichom pichą krolewstwa nyebyeskyego ny straczily",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 610:",
"text": "Byli krzywi, bo im był przykazał, aby nie spali; a kiedy przyszedł a oni śpią, pochwacili sie ze snu..., bo im było żal i srom, by jego pośledniej kaźni nie mogli popełnić",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces clauses of emotions; to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-heHfrn8C",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume II, number 1:",
"text": "Tocz yest volą bogą naszego, bychom pelnyly przykaząnye *yago",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a subjective clause; in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-yeTiLYsX",
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1399], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1376, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Kościan:",
"text": "Micol[ay] s Wawrzincem ne vmawal nigednei vmo[wi], bi meli pusczicz na przyaczele",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-e-RX4OgL",
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 10 14 9 10 11 9 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 790:",
"text": "Nie jesteśmy tako źli, bychmy to uczynili",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clausal clause; in order to"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-Bvscnr-q",
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 93, 17:",
"text": "Bo by bog ne podpomogl me, przes mala przebiwalabi bila w pekle dusza moia (nisi quia dominus adiuvit me, paulo minus habitasset in inferno anima mea)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-ErqcHdoa",
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 9 12 9 9 9 8 14 4 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 10 14 9 10 11 9 16 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 63:",
"text": "(Pothkomorze wszącz ma)... dwa rydla a nye wyączey, by tesz dwye alybo trzy dzedzyny myedzy dwyema granyczyl (etiamsi duas aut tres hereditates inter duos limitaret)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"admissive; albeit, although"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-conj-c6P43Pon",
"links": [
[
"albeit",
"albeit"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) admissive; albeit, although"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "by"
},
"expansion": "Polish: by",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: by"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "by"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: by",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: by"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 27, 1:",
"text": "Bosze moy, ne milczy ote mne, bi negdi ne milczal ote mne (deus meus, ne sileas a me, ne quando taceas a me)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-particle-8Glyx1E3",
"links": [
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "być"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular aorist of być"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-verb-QM~57jNX",
"links": [
[
"być",
"być#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "być"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular aorist of być"
],
"id": "en-by-zlw-opl-verb-u3x81CDh",
"links": [
[
"być",
"być#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish non-lemma forms",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verb forms",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 9, 31:",
"text": "Grzeszni... godzi, bi vlapil vbogego (insidiatur, ut rapiat pauperem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1395], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1773, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Kościan:",
"text": "Orandowal i[e]szm do gich domv, by penødze brali",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume III, number 2:",
"text": "Pamyantay, tobe vyele, by czczil suato y nyedzela",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1861 [1398], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi, volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 34:",
"text": "Micolay prosil prze bok, by mu othpustil przisi[an]gą",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 721:",
"text": "Nye chczemy, by tho zgromadzenye navyedzal... kthory lagyk (nolumus tamen congregationem huiusmodi a laico visitari)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a command; to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces a command; to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1896 [Middle of the 15th century], Lucjan Malinowski, editor, Żywot świętego Błażeja. Zabytek języka polskiego z początku wieku XV,, page 320:",
"text": "Swyøty Blaszey gemu rzekl: Wylo, mnymasz, by *twey møky mogly odyøcz miloscz bozø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1405], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 272:",
"text": "Roman Ianoui ne slubowal, bi mu szø gwalth ne sstal w gego domu",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888 [1401], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 109:",
"text": "Sczepan zalowal, bi Przibkowa dzewka mu pancz grziwen wcradla",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clarifying clause; to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) introduces a clarifying clause; to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 235:",
"text": "Boymisch syą, bichom pichą krolewstwa nyebyeskyego ny straczily",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 610:",
"text": "Byli krzywi, bo im był przykazał, aby nie spali; a kiedy przyszedł a oni śpią, pochwacili sie ze snu..., bo im było żal i srom, by jego pośledniej kaźni nie mogli popełnić",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces clauses of emotions; to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "End of the 15th century, Dekalog - Dziesięcioro przykazań bożych - Decem praecepta Dei, volume II, number 1:",
"text": "Tocz yest volą bogą naszego, bychom pelnyly przykaząnye *yago",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a subjective clause; in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1399], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1376, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Kościan:",
"text": "Micol[ay] s Wawrzincem ne vmawal nigednei vmo[wi], bi meli pusczicz na przyaczele",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) introduces an attributive clause; in order to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 790:",
"text": "Nie jesteśmy tako źli, bychmy to uczynili",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a clausal clause; in order to"
],
"links": [
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 93, 17:",
"text": "Bo by bog ne podpomogl me, przes mala przebiwalabi bila w pekle dusza moia (nisi quia dominus adiuvit me, paulo minus habitasset in inferno anima mea)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
],
"links": [
[
"if",
"if"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) introduces an unreal conditional clause; if"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 63:",
"text": "(Pothkomorze wszącz ma)... dwa rydla a nye wyączey, by tesz dwye alybo trzy dzedzyny myedzy dwyema granyczyl (etiamsi duas aut tres hereditates inter duos limitaret)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"admissive; albeit, although"
],
"links": [
[
"albeit",
"albeit"
],
[
"although",
"although"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) admissive; albeit, although"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish non-lemma forms",
"Old Polish particles",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verb forms",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "by"
},
"expansion": "Polish: by",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: by"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "by"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: by",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: by"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*by"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *by. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 27, 1:",
"text": "Bosze moy, ne milczy ote mne, bi negdi ne milczal ote mne (deus meus, ne sileas a me, ne quando taceas a me)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
],
"links": [
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
],
[
"if only",
"if only"
],
[
"had better",
"had better"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) expresses optative meaning; if only, had better, let"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish non-lemma forms",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish verb forms",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "by",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "być"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular aorist of być"
],
"links": [
[
"być",
"być#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "być"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular aorist of być"
],
"links": [
[
"być",
"być#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"aorist",
"form-of",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "by"
}
Download raw JSONL data for by meaning in Old Polish (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.